Structures et cinématique liées á la mise en place des péridotites de Ronda (Cordilléres Bétiques,Espagne)     

José M. Tubía  Julia Cuevas 《Geodinamica Acta》2013,26(1):59-69

The interaction of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge with the North Atlantic Mantle Plume has produced a magmatic plateau centred about Iceland. The crust of this plateau is 30 km thick on average. This abnormal thickness implies that, unlike other slow-spreading ridges, addition of magmatic material to the crust is not balanced by crustal stretching. The thermal effect of the plume also reduces the strength of the lithosphere. Both mechanisms affect the rifting process in Iceland. A structural review, including new field observations, demonstrates that the structure of the Iceland plateau differs from that of other slow-spreading oceanic ridges. Lithospheric spreading is currently accommodated in a 200 km wide deformation strip, by the development of a system of half-grabens controlled by growth faults. Similar extinct structures, with various polarities, are preserved in the lava pile of the Iceland plateau. These structures are identified as lithospheric rollover anticlines that developed in hanging walls of listric faults. We introduce a new tectonic model of accretion, whereby the development of the magmatic plateau involved activation, growth and decay of a system of growth fault/rollover systems underlain by shallow magma chambers. Deactivation of a given extensional system, after a lifetime of a few My, was at the expense of the activation of a new, laterally offset, one. Correspondingly, such systems formed successively at different places within a 200 km wide diffuse plate boundary. Unlike previous ones, this new model explains the lack of an axial valley in Iceland, the dip pattern of the lava pile, the complex geographical distribution of ages of extinct volcanic systems and the outcrops of extinct magma chambers.  相似文献   

Basin scale distribution of organic matter in marine fine-grained sedimentary rocks: Insight from sequence stratigraphy and multi-proxies analysis in the Montney and Doig Formations     

《Marine and Petroleum Geology》2017

The occurrence of hydrocarbons in self-sourced reservoirs strongly depends on the concentration and maturity of organic matter in sediments. Therefore, understanding the distribution of organic heterogeneity at the time of deposition is key to reduce the risk in exploration and development of unconventional resources. This study focuses on the Lower and Middle Triassic Montney and Doig Formations (Alberta and British Columbia). Samples from outcrops, cores and cuttings were analyzed for organic content with a Rock-Eval VI and for major and trace element concentration using ICP-MS and ICP-AES techniques. The interpretation of the analysis results in relation with the stratigraphic architecture provides a mean to better understand the distribution of the organic heterogeneities and the variations of primary productivity, sedimentation rates and anoxia that control the development of source rocks.The key findings of this analysis are:- The basin-scale distribution of the organic matter suggests that the two major source-rock intervals of the Lower and Middle Triassic correspond to the sequence 3 (Spathian Montney unit) and to the transgressive systems tract of sequence 4 (Doig phosphate zone).- The dominant controls on organic matter accumulations vary through time. The Montney source-rock interval is interpreted to be associated with a major basin restriction triggering anoxia during a second-order falling stage of relative sea level. The organic accumulation of the Doig phosphate zone is interpreted as being controlled by a sharp decrease of the sedimentation rate, combined with an increase of the primary productivity.- The spatial and temporal variations of anoxia, primary productivity and dilution reflect the geodynamic evolution of the basin that ultimately controls the basin physiography as well as the sources of nutrient and sediments.  相似文献   

山东韩旺新太古代条带状铁矿的稀土和微量元素特征   总被引：16，自引：0，他引：16  

沈其韩  宋会侠  赵子然 《地球学报》2009,30(6):693-699

山东韩旺条带状铁矿是一个新太古代大型鞍山式铁矿床, 本文主要对韩旺条带状铁矿进行了岩石学和岩石化学方面的研究, 并与国内外该类型矿床进行对比。岩石学研究结果认为其经受了绿片岩相至低角闪岩相变质作用, 磁铁矿部分受到变质重结晶, 但局部仍保存有化学沉积的特征。在TFe-(CaO+MgO)-SiO2图解中, 其分布与五台山条带状铁矿和世界条带状铁矿分布区一致。韩旺铁矿稀土元素含量较低, 具有太古宙海洋沉积的特征, 在PAAS(太古宙后平均澳大利亚沉积岩)标准化的稀土配分曲线中显示轻稀土的相对亏损和重稀土的相对富集, 具有较强的Eu的正异常和明显的Y的正异常, 无明显的Ce异常, 这一特征与我国鞍山弓长岭和五台山及世界许多地区的太古宙BIF特征一致。微量元素中Ti、V、Co、Ni、Mn、Sr、Ba等元素的含量都较低, 在原始地幔标准化的微量元素配分曲线中具U、Ta、La、Ce、P正异常, K、Nb、Sr、Hf、Zr负异常。文章中也对韩旺条带状铁矿中Sr/Ba、Ti/V等元素的比值与其他地区进行了对比。综合研究结果认为韩旺条带状铁矿具有与火山热液伴生的铁质, 形成于海洋化学沉积环境。  相似文献   

青海东昆仑、祁曼塔格地区金刚石钻头的研究          下载免费PDF全文

吴海霞  欧阳志勇  李春  沈立娜  梁涛 《探矿工程》2017,44(3):77-80

针对青海省东昆仑、祁曼塔格地区的典型硬岩强研磨性地层情况,对孕镶金刚石钻头胎体材料、金刚石浓度、烧结工艺等方面进行分析研究,并对钻头进行了台架、野外试验。根据各项理论分析结合实验数据,确定了钻头的设计方案,研发出了适用于该地区硬岩强研磨地层钻进的孕镶金刚石钻头。  相似文献   

盆地超压地层识别方法--以四川盆地通南巴构造带为例     

薛冈  管路平  王良书  杨子兴  孙成龙 《地球物理学进展》2004,19(3):645-651

在四川盆地通南巴构造带,首先以井芯、录井资料和钻井泥浆比重资料为约束条件,利用泥岩段声波测井资料建立区域“正常压实趋势线”;然后用精细速度处理获得的地震层速度剖面减去区域“正常压实趋势线”建立速度差值剖面,速度差值剖面上的异常低速带定性指示了地层超压范围;再采用速度一压力变换技术,建立压力系数剖面,定量分析地层超压,地层压力计算结果与实际钻井采用的泥浆比重较好吻合,说明利用地球物理资料、钻井资料及地质资料不但可以定性识别超压地层,而且可以定量预测地层压力;对不同压力封存箱的认识有助于分析地层含油气性延展方向,指导下一步勘探部署。  相似文献   

下古生界有机质成熟度评价新参数：笔石表皮体光学特征再研究     

罗情勇  郝婧玥  李可文  徐耀辉  王晓梅  王华建  栾进华  胡科  李甜  钟宁宁 《地质学报》2019,93(9):2362-2371

下古生界缺失高等植物来源的镜质组,其有机质成熟度的确定一直是油气源岩评价的难题之一。基于对含笔石页岩的反射光显微镜观察和低成熟度含笔石页岩与煤共置的热压模拟实验,研究了下古生界海相页岩笔石表皮体的光性特征及其热演化规律,探讨了笔石表皮体随机反射率作为有机质热演化参数的可行性。下古生界海相页岩非粒状笔石表皮体呈条带状顺层或者碎片状产出、颗粒较大,光学特征类似于镜质组,适合于测量反射率。非粒状笔石表皮体随机反射率■换算为等效镜质组反射率■的关系式为■。采用笔石表皮体随机反射率分析了上扬子地区东部五峰组—龙马溪组页岩的有机质成熟度分布特征,认为非粒状笔石表皮体随机反射率是一个实用的下古生界烃源岩有机质成熟度指标,为确定下古生界有机质成熟度提供了一种可信的解决方案。  相似文献   

新型加长防斜减振PDC钻头的设计试验研究          下载免费PDF全文

汤凤林  沈中华  段隆臣  彭莉  Чихоткин В.Ф. 《探矿工程》2019,46(3):75-80

PDC钻头在石油钻井和地质钻探中,在中等硬度和部分硬地层中钻进时,取得了很好的钻进效果,得到了满意的技术经济指标,生产单位也比较欢迎。但是,在复杂地层,如深孔软硬互层、裂隙互层和研磨性地层中钻进时,机械钻速变慢,钻头进尺降低,成了推广使用的“拦路虎”。俄罗斯钻探工作者针对上述地层钻探中存在的问题,设计出了加长型防斜减振钻头,经过实验室和野外试验证明,这种钻头是有效的,取得了很好的技术经济效果。  相似文献   

Distribution of indoor radon concentrations and uranium-bearing rocks in Texas     

P. F. Hudak 《Environmental Geology》1996,28(1):29-33

 The purpose of this study was to compare regional patterns of indoor radon concentration with uranium-bearing rock zones and county populations in Texas. Zones yielding radon concentrations that are relatively high for Texas include shale and sandstone in northwest Texas; red beds in north-central Texas; felsic volcanic rocks in west Texas; and sandstone, limestone, and igneous rocks in central Texas. Located in northwest Texas, only five of the 202 counties evaluated have mean indoor radon concentrations above 4.0 pCi l^–1. Two of those counties have populations above the state median of 20 115. The highest county mean concentration is 8.8 pCi l^–1. Results of this study suggest that (1) regional geology influences indoor radon concentrations in Texas, (2) statewide, the radon concentrations are relatively low, (3) highly populated counties do not coincide with regions of high indoor radon concentration, and (4) regions that may warrant further monitoring include northwest Texas and, to a lesser degree, west and central Texas. Received: 8 August 1995 · Accepted: 6 September 1995  相似文献   

Fractal properties of multi-order folding as a tool for exploration of low-grade banded iron ores in the Krivoy Rog basin (Ukraine)     

D. A. Kulik  M. I. Chernovsky 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》1996,85(1):3-11

The low-grade Palaeoproterozoic stratabound banded iron ores of the Krivoy Rog basin (Ukraine) underwent strong tectonometamorphic deformation into superimposed folds of several orders, with amplitudes from centimetres to hundreds of metres. The across-strike sections of bed surfaces defining the low-grade ore bodies resemble self-similar fractal curves; hence, a fractal geometrical model was developed in order to quantify the complexity and sinuosity of bed contours. Two different methods of measurement (polygonal approximation and two-dimensional grid cell counting) were used for 5–8 different scales. Factual similarity dimension D and other model parameters have been estimated by means of linear regression and compared for both measurement methods. From the fractal model a sinuosity coefficient of contours of the folded bed surfaces K _s and a coefficient of degree of exploration of iron ore bodies K _e were constructed. It is pointed out that parameters of the model can be used for determination of the optimal exploration length scales.  相似文献   

Palaeoclimate,stratigraphy and prehistory in north and west Rajasthan     

D. P. Agrawal  P. S. Datta  Zahid Hussain  R. V. Krishnamurthy  V. N. Misra  S. N. Rajaguru  P. K. Thomas 《Journal of Earth System Science》1980,89(1):51-66

Quaternary formations in western Rajasthan are of fluvial, locustrinal and aeolian origins. Fossil gravel ridge of Jayal in Nagaur District is one of the earliest quaternary formations so far recorded in the region. A rich lower palaeolithic habitation-cum-workshop site has been discovered in association with the gravel ridge. Multiple evidence for climatic change in the area during the quaternary period is discussed.  相似文献